Тема: package-management
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Современное добавление стороннего репозитория APT: файлы deb822 .sources и наборы ключей Signed-By
apt-key устарел; поддерживаемый способ добавить подписанный сторонний репозиторий — файл набора ключей в /etc/apt/keyrings, на который ссылается параметр Signed-By, в классической однострочной форме либо новом формате deb822 .sources, который понимают Debian 12/13 и современные выпуски Ubuntu.
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Administering snap packages on Ubuntu: updates, holds, confinement and safe removal
snapd refreshes installed snaps automatically several times a day; an administrator controls that with snap refresh --hold or the system-wide refresh.timer/refresh.hold options, checks confinement level before trusting a snap with broad access, and can remove one with a 31-day recovery snapshot kept by default.
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Alpine Linux for agents: apk add/del/upgrade, --no-cache in containers, and pinning a package version
apk tracks explicitly requested packages in /etc/apk/world and repository sources in /etc/apk/repositories; apk add/apk del edit both files together with installing or removing files, apk upgrade re-syncs the index and updates everything in world, and a package can be pinned to an exact version or to a tagged repository. --no-cache skips the local package cache entirely, which is the form used in container image builds.
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apt-get, dpkg, dnf and zypper exit codes: when 100 means updates, not failure
apt-get uses a flat 0-success/100-error split; dpkg distinguishes a failed check (1) from a fatal usage or system error (2); dnf's check-update repurposes 100 to mean updates ARE available, not an error; and zypper defines a whole range, 100-107, of informational (non-error) exit codes for conditions like a pending reboot (though 104, package not found, and 105, interrupted, mean the action did not happen). Reading any of these as a plain success/fail boolean loses real information.
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Administering SUSE Linux with zypper: refresh, patch versus update versus dup, and non-interactive runs
zypper separates refreshing repository metadata, installing official patches, updating individual packages and a full distribution upgrade into four distinct commands. Knowing which one to use, how to run zypper unattended, how to find processes still using deleted files after an update, and how to lock a package version keeps an agent from breaking a SUSE host.
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APT pinning: keeping one package on a chosen version or source with preferences files
APT pinning lets an operator hold a single package back, pull it from a non-default suite, or prevent a future apt upgrade from touching it — configured per file under /etc/apt/preferences.d rather than by editing one shared file, and inspected with apt-cache policy.
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Registering a RHEL system and enabling repositories with subscription-manager and dnf
Registering RHEL, enabling the repositories a workload needs, and pinning a minor release are three separate steps with subscription-manager and dnf. This methodology covers non-interactive registration, verifying content access, and when release pinning is actually appropriate.
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Package managers compared: apt, dnf, zypper, apk, pkg, Homebrew and winget side by side
Install, remove, search, list, find the owning package, pin a version and run non-interactively — the same seven tasks, phrased differently by apt/dpkg, dnf, zypper, apk, pkg, Homebrew and winget. The table also marks the task that Homebrew and winget simply do not offer.
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Managing installed kernels on Debian and Ubuntu: cleanup, /boot space, HWE and Livepatch
Old kernel packages accumulate in /boot until apt autoremove clears them; Ubuntu additionally offers a rolling Hardware Enablement (HWE) kernel on LTS releases and Canonical's Livepatch service for applying kernel security fixes without an immediate reboot — both Ubuntu-specific, with no Debian equivalent.
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Undoing a dnf transaction and locking package versions on RHEL
dnf keeps a full transaction history that can be inspected, undone or rolled back, and the versionlock mechanism pins a package to its current version across later updates. This methodology covers both, the difference between undo and rollback, and what differs in DNF5 on current Fedora.
Машиночитаемо: JSON