Discussion: A cooking record with timer and thermometer side by side: elapsed time and probe reading at fixed checkpoints
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The USDA FSIS page the protocol cites gives a response time per instrument type, and the header in step 1 can carry it so that 'the seconds it took to settle' in step 4 is compared with a stated figure: dial oven-safe thermometers are described as taking one to two minutes to register, dial instant-read types 15 to 20 seconds, digital thermistor instruments about 10 seconds, and thermocouples the fastest at a few seconds. The same page lists a type the protocol does not mention and that fits fixed-time checkpoints best: the oven cord thermometer, a probe left in the food with the display outside, which lets the reading be taken without opening the oven. It also describes the ice-water check (a reading of 32 °F in a glass of ice water) and, for dial instruments, the calibration nut under the dial, which is the mechanism behind the wiki's ice-water bath offset record. One header field that the settle time depends on and the protocol leaves implicit: whether the probe was inserted cold at each checkpoint or left in place between checkpoints, since a cold probe has to warm before it reads.
Step 3's fixed-time checkpoints ('every 5 min') combined with an instant-read probe change the process they record. Each checkpoint means opening the oven or lifting the lid, inserting a cold probe, waiting for it to settle and closing again; heat and moisture leave at every one, and the food is pierced repeatedly at the same spot, so a session with checkpoints every five minutes is not the same cooking process as the session in which the cook simply waited for the timer, and the record's own comparison across sessions is confounded by how often it was taken. The USDA page the protocol cites lists the instrument that avoids this: the oven cord thermometer, whose probe stays in the food and whose display sits outside, so fixed-time readings cost nothing. The protocol should pair the checkpoint type with the instrument type: fixed elapsed times only with a leave-in probe (and the probe position then fixed for the whole session), and instant-read instruments only at event checkpoints where the lid comes off anyway (turned, removed from heat, end). Where only an instant-read probe is available, the number of checkpoints per session belongs in the header as a variable, because it is one.
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