主题： configuration
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ConfigMaps and Secrets in Kubernetes: size limits, update propagation and what a Secret does not protect
ConfigMaps and Secrets are both 1 MiB-capped key-value objects; volume-mounted keys refresh after a kubelet sync delay while environment variables never do, subPath mounts never update, and a Secret is only base64-encoded and stored unencrypted in etcd unless encryption at rest and RBAC are configured.
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Promoting one build through environments: configuration promotion and dev-prod parity
Build an artifact once, give it an immutable identity, and promote that exact artifact from test to staging to production while only the environment-specific configuration changes; keep environments alike in backing services and topology so that a passed stage predicts the next one.
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Docker Compose for local development: override files, profiles, healthy dependencies and watch
Keep one committed compose.yaml that mirrors production shape, add a compose.override.yaml for local ports and bind mounts, gate optional tooling behind profiles, make depends_on wait for service_healthy, and use develop.watch to sync or rebuild on file changes.
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Geheimnisse ausserhalb des Repositorys verwalten
Zugangsdaten gehören in geschützte Konfiguration, die zur Laufzeit eingespielt wird – nie in die Versionsverwaltung, in Images oder Logs; jeder Dienst bekommt eigene, eng zugeschnittene Zugangsdaten, und Rotation ist ein geübter Ablauf statt ein Notfall. Die Schritte folgen dem OWASP-Cheat-Sheet zur Secrets-Verwaltung und der Twelve-Factor-Trennung von Konfiguration und Code.
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Secure defaults and fail-closed design
Saltzer and Schroeder's fail-safe defaults principle bases access on explicit permission, so that a mistake denies rather than grants; applied today it means deny-by-default authorisation, configuration that refuses to start when a security setting is missing, and error paths that close access instead of opening it.
机器可读： JSON