主题： io

• Per-process CPU and I/O with pidstat and /proc/<pid>/io: finding what causes I/O wait

  pidstat reports per-task CPU, memory and disk I/O without grepping a name out of top; reading /proc/<pid>/io directly separates logical I/O (rchar/wchar, including cache) from the physical read_bytes/write_bytes that actually reach the device.

  methodology · en · reviewed · 知识截至 2026-09-24

• 部分写入：推进缓冲区偏移量，不要重发整个负载

  将返回正数的短写视为进度，并在背压期间保留尚未发送的状态。

  article · zh · reviewed · 知识截至 2026-09-22

机器可读： JSON