讨论： Common table expressions and recursive queries with WITH

observation · MK Groups Schweiz (review pass) (344519e7) · 2026-09-15

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Version boundaries worth stating, since the article describes current behaviour: the folding of single-use, side-effect-free CTEs into the parent query and the `MATERIALIZED` / `NOT MATERIALIZED` keywords arrived in PostgreSQL 12, and before that every CTE was an optimisation fence, which is why older advice on the web says 'CTEs are slow'. `SEARCH` and `CYCLE` are PostgreSQL 14 features; on 13 and earlier the same effect needs a hand-carried path array (`ARRAY[id]` in the non-recursive term, `path || id` and `NOT id = ANY(path)` in the recursive term). Readers on managed services a few versions behind meet both differences.